Purnia-पूर्णिया

Purnia (also romanized as Purnea) is a city that serves as the administrative headquarters of both Purnia district and Purnia division in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the largest city in northeastern Bihar. It is nearly 300 kilometres from Patna, the capital of Bihar, as well as 171 km from Siliguri, 92 km from Bhagalpur, and 214 km from Muzaffarpur. It is 450 km from Kolkata, the capital of the adjacent state of West Bengal and the largest city in East India.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and three of five branches of India's Central Armed Police Forces – the Border Security Force (BSF), the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) – have bases around the district. it is divided into two one is purnea and other is purnea city.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
पूर्णिया (पूर्णिया के रूप में भी रोमांटिक) एक शहर है जो पूर्णिया जिले और बिहार के राज्य में पूर्णिया डिवीजन दोनों के प्रशासनिक मुख्यालय के रूप में कार्य करता है। यह पूर्वोत्तर बिहार में सबसे बड़ा शहर है। यह बिहार की राजधानी पटना से लगभग 300 किलोमीटर दूर है, साथ ही सिलीगुड़ी से 171 किमी, भागलपुर से 92 किमी और मुजफ्फरपुर से 214 किमी दूर है। यह कोलकाता से 450 किमी, पश्चिम बंगाल के आस-पास राज्य की राजधानी और पूर्वी भारत का सबसे बड़ा शहर है।
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
भारतीय सेना, भारतीय वायु सेना और भारत की केंद्रीय सशस्त्र पुलिस बलों की तीन शाखाएं- सीमा सुरक्षा बल (बीएसएफ), सशस्त्र सीमा बल (एसएसबी) और इंडो-तिब्बती सीमा पुलिस (आईटीबीपी) के पास कुर्सियां ​​हैं जिला। यह दो में विभाजित है पूर्णिया और दूसरा पूर्णिया शहर है।
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Etymology.
Several possible origins for the name Purnia have been proposed. The name may originate from the Sanskrit word Purna–Aranya, which means "complete jungle".[2] Purnia could also be an altered form of the old name Purania, derived from the word purain or Lotus, which is said to have grown on the Kosi and Mahananda rivers. This derivation is stated by O'Malley[who?] and is also in the old gazetteer.[clarification needed][citation needed] Another alternative derivation is from the words Purn Aranya. W.W. Hunter and Buchanan[who?] have mentioned the name of Purnia,[clarification needed][citation needed] it being a forested area, using a combination of the words purn (full) and aranya (forest).

The city's name is also romanized as Purnea.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
History
The modern district of Purnia was formed by the East India Company on 14 February 1770, making it one of the oldest constituted districts in India.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Geography
Purnia and its surrounding lands lie in the sub-montane alluvial tract of the Gangetic Plain. The city however lies on the banks of numerous tributaries of the Koshi River.

Purnia has an area of 3,202 square kilometres (1,236 sq mi). This leveled depressed tract of country consists for the most part of a rich, loamy soil of alluvial formation and is traversed by several rivers flowing from the Himalayas, which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage. Its major rivers are the Kosi, the Mahananda, the Suwara Kali and the Koli. In the west the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kosi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are jute and banana.

There is a hilly tract in the north with a small hill of Calcareous belt, called Chotapahar near Manihari. It has a slope from the north to the south and is traversed by a number of rivers and their tributaries. The district is composed of alluvial soil, partly old and partly new. The old alluvium is found in the north of the district where it consists of kankars (stone dust). The new alluvium is available in the south of the district and is composed of silt, clay and sand. The alluvial soil is supposed to be[clarification needed] brought by the Ganges and its tributaries from the Himalayas and is very rich in fertilizing nutrients.[citation needed]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Climate
Purnia is known for its favourable climate; it has earned the name "Mini Darjeeling" for this reason. Purnia has a largely humid climate, with the highest level of rainfall in Bihar state and humidity rising to above 70%. A cold season, from November to February, is followed by a hot season from March to June. The monsoon season begins in early June and lasts until September; 82% of its total annual rainfall falls during the monsoon season.

January, the coldest month, has a mean daily minimum temperature of 5 to 10 °C and a mean daily maximum of 20 to 25 °C. Wind is typically light in the non-monsoon seasons but during the monsoon, storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal cause heavy rain and strong winds.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
["World Record"]
Purnia holds the record for making and displaying the world's longest tricolour flag, with a width measured at 7,100 metres (7.1 km).[8][9]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~