Barabar Caves

The Barabar Caves are the oldest rock-cut caves in India, dating from the Mauryan period (322–185 BCE), and some with Asokan inscriptions. They are located in the Jehanabad District of Bihar, around 24 km north of Gaya. They were built for the Ajivika sect, which had been founded by Makkhali Gosala, one of the six famous teachers during Lord Buddha's time.

Four of the caves are situated in the twin hills of Barabar and three on the nearby Nagarjuni Hill. Some of these rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BC and were prepared under the command of Emperor Asoka (r. 273 BC to 232 BC). Later his grandson, Dasaratha had the caves at Nagarjuni excavated. These caves then formed the precedent for other cave complexes like Ājānta and Ellora.